Fostering Academic-Clinical Research Partnerships.

Academic-clinical research partnerships can benefit academic and clinical partners when goals are clearly articulated and mutually determined and include increased research dissemination and lower research costs. This article explores the history of academic-clinical research partnerships and discusses the drivers of collaborative academic-clinical research relationships, resources from academia and clinical sites, and sustainability of collaborative partnerships. Through collaboration, academic-clinical partners can improve clinical outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.

Theory Development Strategies for Middle-Range Theories.

The purpose of this article is to present an analysis on the theory development strategies that have been used to develop middle-range theories through an integrated literature review and to provide directions for future theoretical development in nursing. First, theory development strategies that have been suggested and used in nursing are briefly discussed. Second, the methods used for the analysis are described. Then, 4 themes reflecting the theory development strategies that have been used to develop middle-range theories are discussed. Finally, suggestions for future theoretical development in nursing are made on the basis of the findings.

"I would have preferred more options": accounting for non-binary youth in health research.

As a research team focused on vulnerable youth, we increasingly need to find ways to acknowledge non-binary genders in health research. Youth have become more vocal about expanding notions of gender beyond traditional categories of boy/man and girl/woman. Integrating non-binary identities into established research processes is a complex undertaking in a culture that often assumes gender is a binary variable. In this article, we present the challenges at every stage of the research process and questions we have asked ourselves to consider non-binary genders in our work. As researchers, how do we interrogate the assumptions that have made non-binary lives invisible? What challenges arise when attempting to transform research practices to incorporate non-binary genders? Why is it crucial that researchers consider these questions at each step of the research process? We draw on our own research experiences to highlight points of tensions and possibilities for change. Improving access to inclusive health-care for non-binary people, and non-binary youth in particular, is part of creating a more equitable healthcare system. We argue that increased and improved access to inclusive health-care can be supported by research that acknowledges and includes people of all genders.

Cross-cultural adaptation and content and semantic validation of the Difficult Intravenous Access Score for pediatric use in Brazil / Adaptação transcultural e validação de conteúdo e semântica do Difficult Intravenous Access Score para uso pediátrico no Brasil / Adaptación transcultural y validación de contenido y semántica del Difficult Intravenous Access Score para uso pediátrico en Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: present the cross-cultural adaptation and content and semantic validation of the Difficult Intravenous Access Score for current use in Brazil. Method: cross-cultural adaptation and validation study, structured in six phases: initial translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, assessment of documents by expert committee of specialized judges, pretest and presentation of the documents to the expert judges and to the author of the original instrument. Twenty health professionals were randomly recruited from a public hospital in the South of Brazil, working in pediatrics, in order to assess the agreement level with the variables in the instrument. In addition, a convenience sample of 30 pediatric patients was selected for the face validation of the same instrument. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, simple and percentage frequencies, the Shapiro-Wilk and Fisher's exact tests were used for the data analysis and reliability measures. Results: the cross-cultural adaptation phases were executed with totally clear translated variables, demonstrating satisfactory results in the content and semantic validation process. Conclusions: the Difficult Intravenous Access Score was adapted and its content and semantics were validated. External clinical validity, measuring equivalence and reproducibility analyses are needed.

RESUMO Objetivo: apresentar a adaptação transcultural e validação de conteúdo e semântica do Difficult Intravenous Access Score para uso corrente no Brasil. Método: pesquisa delineada na adaptação transcultural e validação, estruturada em seis etapas: tradução inicial, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, avaliação da documentação por comitê de juízes especialistas, pré-teste e apresentação da documentação aos juízes especialistas e ao autor do instrumento original. Foram recrutados aleatoriamente 20 profissionais de saúde de uma instituição hospitalar pública do Sul do País, atuantes em pediatria, para avaliar o nível de concordância com as variáveis do instrumento, e, por conveniência, 30 pacientes pediátricos para validação de face do instrumento. Utilizou-se o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, frequência simples e percentual, testes de Shapiro-Wilk e exato de Fisher, para análise dos dados e mensuração da confiabilidade. Resultados: as etapas da adaptação transcultural foram desenvolvidas com plena clareza das variáveis traduzidas, demonstrando resultados satisfatórios no processo de validação de conteúdo e semântica. Conclusões: o Difficult Intravenous Access Score foi adaptado transculturalmente e validado em seu conteúdo e semântica. Consideram-se necessárias análises de validade clínica externa, da equivalência de mensuração e da reprodutibilidade.

RESUMEN Objetivo: presentar la adaptación transcultural y validación de contenido y semántica del Difficult Intravenous Access Score para utilización actual en Brasil. Método: investigación delineada en la adaptación transcultural y validación, estructurada en seis etapas: traducción inicial, síntesis de las traducciones, retrotraducción, evaluación de la documentación por comité de jueces especialistas, pre-prueba y presentación de la documentación a los jueces especialistas y al autor del instrumento original. Fueron reclutados aleatoriamente 20 profesionales de salud de una institución hospitalaria pública del sur del país, activos en pediatría, para evaluar el nivel de concordancia con las variables del instrumento y, por conveniencia, 30 pacientes pediátricos, para validación de faz del instrumento. Fue utilizado el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, frecuencia simple y porcentaje, pruebas de Shapiro-Wilk y exacto de Fisher, para el análisis de los datos y mensuración de la confiabilidad. Resultados: las etapas de la adaptación transcultural fueron desarrolladas con toda claridad de las variables traducidas, demostrando resultados satisfactorios en el proceso de validación de contenido y semántica. Conclusiones: el Difficult Intravenous Access Score fue adaptado transculturalmente, y validado en su contenido y semántica. Son considerados necesarios análisis de validez clínica externa, de la equivalencia de mensuración y de la reproductibilidad.

Trabajo final de grado y plan de acción tutorial en el curriculum del grado en enfermería. Diseño, desarrollo y evaluación / Final project degree and tutorial action plan in the curriculum of the degree in nursing. Design, development and evaluation

La acción tutorial (PAT), en los estudios universitarios de Enfermería, se halla en el centro de la acción docente del profesorado. El tutor/a orienta en el proceso de aprendizaje y en la preparación del Trabajo Final de Grado (TFG). En este artículo presentamos los resultados de la investigación realizada con tutores y estudiantes, que tiene por objetivo evaluar el diseño y desarrollo del TFG, los resultados académicos y su vivencia y experiencia. Diseño mixto cuantitativo descriptivo y cualitativo de investigación acción participación. Muestra total de 124 estudiantes de 4º curso de Grado Enfermería y 37 tutores del TFG. Técnicas de recogida de datos: resultados académicos y evaluativos; 3 grupos focales con estudiantes y profesores; 3 entrevistas semiestructuradas abiertas a estudiantes. Los resultados constatan que las tipologías más elegidas fueron revisiones bibliográficas (38,75%) y Planes de cuidados (24,2%). El 63,9 % de la temática escogida es Enfermería Maternal, Pediátrica y Clínica. Estudiantes y tutores viven con dificultad la elaboración del TFG y se requiere una mayor cultura tutorial. Es un proceso complejo de organización y coordinación que, sin embargo, permite un trabajo colaborativo de todo el equipo docente (AU)

The Tutorial Action Plan (PAT) in the University School of Nursing, is central to the teaching action of professors. The tutor orients in the learning process and the preparation of the Final Degree Project (TFG). In this paper we present the results of research conducted with tutors and students, which aims to evaluate the design and development of the TGF, academic results and their experience and expertise. A descriptive qualitative and quantitative joint design of research and participation. A total sample of 124 students of 4th year in the nursing degree and 37 TGF tutor. Data collection techniques: Academic and evaluation results; 3 focus groups with students and professors; three semi-structured interviews open to students. Results indicate that the most commonly chosen typologies were literary reviews (38.75%) and care plans (24.2%). 63.9% of the chosen topics include Maternal, Pediatric and Clinical Nursing. Students and tutors struggle to develop the TGF and greater tutorial culture is required. It is a complex process of organization and coordination which, however, allows collaborative work of the entire faculty (AU)

Guía de elaboración de un Proyecto de investigación. Segunda parte / Guide to developing a research Project. Part two

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo elaborar una guía práctica para redactar un proyecto de investigación (AU)

This work aims to develop a practical guide to writing a research Project (AU)

Investigación colombiana en enfermería. Un análisis bibliométrico de su visibilidad en ISI WoS (2001-2013) / Colombian nursing research. A bibliometric analysis of the visibility in ISI WoS (2001-2013)

Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento de la actividad científica colombiana en enfermería visible en ISI WoS en el período 2001-2013 para conocer tendencias y regularidades. Métodos: Se emplea el método descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de utilidad en los análisis bibliométricos. La búsqueda se realizó utilizando los descriptores Nursing y Colombia con lo cual se obtienen 133 registros. Luego de un proceso de normalización, se examinaron 118 documentos publicados por 526 autores para estudiar la productividad de variables como autores, instituciones, descriptores y revistas, así como la distribución temporal y las redes de colaboración de autores, descriptores y la co-citación de autores y documentos. Resultados: Se visualiza un decrecimiento en la producción anual de documentos, similar a las citas recibidas por año. El español como principal idioma de publicación de las contribuciones, donde el 40% de la producción científica está publicada en la Revista Aquichán y un 62.4% en universidades del país con enfoque a publicar sobre temas de cuidados en enfermería. Por medio del método de análisis de Redes Sociales se obtienen matrices de colaboración y co-citación las cuales permiten concluir la existencia de pocos autores altamente citados, la no presencia de relaciones fuertes de colaboración y diversidad de términos relacionados con áreas clínicas, administrativas y sociales de la enfermería. Conclusiones: La actividad científica presenta un aumento en la cantidad de documentos y citas anuales, aspecto que ha llevado a ganar en visibilidad y reconocimiento en la comunidad científica internacional, aspecto que se percibe en los indicadores obtenidos en la investigación (AU)

Objective: Evaluate the performance of the Colombian scientific activity in nursing, visible at ISI WoS in the period 2001-2013 for know trends and regularities. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective utility method is used in bibliometric analysis. The search was performed using Nursing and Colombia as descriptors, with which were obtained 133 records. After a normalization process, 118 documents published by 526 authors were reviewed to study the productivity variables as authors, institutions, descriptors and magazines as well as the timing distribución and collaborative networks of authors, descriptors and co-citation of authors and documents. Results: Displays a decrease in the annual production of documents, similar to the citations received per year. Spanish, as their primary language of publication of contributions, where 40% of the scientific production is published in the Journal Aquichán and 62.4% in universities of the country focusing on publishing issues in nursing care. Through the method of analysis of social networks are obtained matrices of collaboration and co-citation which allow us to conclude the existence of few highly cited authors, non-presence of strong collaborative relationships and diversity of terms related to clinical, administrative and social areas of nursing. Conclusions: The scientific activity has increased the amount of documents and annual quotes, aspect that has been gaining visibility and recognition in the international scientific community, aspect perceived at the indicators obtained in the investigation (AU)

El Nurse-led en la Atención Primaria de Salud: una oportuna y prometedora innovación organizativa / Nurse-led in Primary Health Care setting: a well-timed and promising organizational innovation

En la actualidad, la fuerte crisis económica junto con el aumento de la prevalencia de las enfermedades crónicas, está llevando a diferentes países a considerar una reforma de sus servicios de Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) con el objetivo de mejorar su eficiencia y de disminuir las desigualdades en salud. Para ello se están llevando a cabo diferentes iniciativas entre las que destaca la provisión de servicios sanitarios e intervenciones dirigidas por enfermeras, en inglés Nurse-led. El propósito de este artículo es poner de manifiesto el conocimiento disponible, las controversias y las oportunidades acerca del Nurse-led en el ámbito de la APS. Los servicios e intervenciones Nurse-leden APS han mostrado ser tanto o más efectivos que la atención habitual en las áreas de prevención de la enfermedad, el seguimiento de las personas con enfermedades crónicas y como primer punto de contacto en la atención de personas con problemas de salud leves. No obstante, los estudios de evaluación económica son escasos por lo que, su eficiencia aún es potencial. En conclusión, el Nurse-led puede representar una iniciativa organizativa innovadora con el potencial de dar una respuesta adecuada a las actuales necesidades de salud de la población así como una oportunidad tanto para la profesión enfermera como para los sistemas de APS y sanitarios en general

At present, the severe economic crisis along with the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases is leading to different countries to consider updating their Primary Health Care (PHC) services in order to make them more efficient and reduce health inequalities. To that end, various initiatives are being carried out, such as the provision of Nurse-led services and INTERVENTIONS: The purpose of this article is to present the available knowledge, controversies and opportunities for Nurse-led initiatives in the setting of PHC. Nurse- led interventions or health services in PHC have proven to be equal or more effective than usual care in disease prevention, the routine follow-up of patients with chronic conditions, and first contact care for people with minor illness. However, as there are only a few health economic evaluation studies published their efficiency is still potential. In conclusion, the Nurse-led care could be an innovative organizational initiative with the potential to provide an adequate response to the contemporary health needs of the population, as well as an opportunity for the nursing profession and for PHC and health systems in general

The timing of the literature review in grounded theory research: an open mind versus an empty head.

The timing of the literature review in grounded theory has been debated for decades, with previous recommendations to delay the review now under question. Mounting evidence suggests that a preliminary review can enhance theoretical sensitivity and rigor and may lead to innovative insights. However, researchers must acknowledge the influence of prior knowledge during data analysis and theory development to avoid bias. This article critically examines the ongoing debate and recommends that we should not seek to avoid preconceptions but ensure that they are well grounded in evidence and always subject to further investigation, revision, and refutation. If used reflexively, a preliminary literature review may well enhance grounded theory research.

Fenomenología como método de investigación: Una opción para el profesional de enfermería / Phenomenology as a research method: an option for the nurse

El profesional de enfermería necesita métodos de estudio que le permitan observar al ser humano como un ente indivisible, singular y único en el mundo, que vive, siente y percibe de manera individual y propia. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la fenomenología como método de investigación (una opción para el profesional de enfermería desde el punto de vista filosófico) y proporcionar elementos que le permitan realizar estudios de tipo cualitativo, ofreciendo una óptica diferente. Se explica cómo surge la fenomenología, sus preceptos, precursores, la visión que tuvieron para analizar las cosas (fenómenos) y el método de estudio que se desarrolló para enfocar su teoría y cómo ésta se fue adaptando a una nueva forma para llevar a cabo la investigación. Asimismo, se desarrolla este método para que los profesionales de la salud puedan comprender el comportamiento humano, aprovechando todos los recursos que se tienen para ofrecer un cuidado holístico.

The nurse needs to study methods that allow you to see the human being as a indivisible, singular, unique in the world you live in, feel and perceive individually and own. The objective of this article is to analyze the phenomenology as a research method: an option for the nurse, from the philosophical point of view and provide elements that allow qualitative studies, offering a different perspective. It describes as phenomenology arises, its precepts, precursors, had the vision to analyze things (phenomena), and the method of study to focus on developing its ideology and how it was adapted to a new way to bring out research. Also this method is developed for health professionals to understand human behavior using all the resources they have to offer holistic care.

A humanbecoming program of research.

The author of this column describes the evolution of program of research underpinned by the humanbecoming school of thought.

A humanbecoming program of research: having faith.

The author of this column describes the evolution of program of research underpinned by the humanbecoming school of thought.

Research midwives: look at the evidence!

Evidence based practice underpins modern healthcare and includes the use of research knowledge, consideration of an individual's circumstances and their personal preferences. Maternal and child health care interventions aim to prevent disease and disability and promote health and wellbeing. Before interventions are brought into practice the benefits and risks should be adequately evaluated to ensure clinicians and those receiving the interventions fully understand the potential effects. A multidisciplinary team approach to the development of research initiatives is advantageous. The team should include clinicians, researchers and service users working together to answer important clinical questions. It is our view that clinical research midwives are pivotal to the success of maternal and child health improvement initiatives. For example they can help reduce the gap between clinical practice and research by making research understandable to clinicians and applicable to practice by working in partnership with academics.

Clinically applied medical ethnography: relevance to cultural competence in patient care.

Medical anthropology provides an excellent resource for nursing research that is relevant to clinical nursing. By expanding the understanding of ethnographic research beyond ethnicity, nurses can conduct research that explores patient's constructions and explanatory models of health and healing and how they make meaning out of chronic conditions and negotiate daily life. These findings can have applicability to culturally competent care at both the organizational or systems level, as well as in the patient/provider encounter. Individual patient care can be improved by applying ethnographic research findings to build provider expertise and then using a cultural negotiation process for individualized patient care.

Patients' perception of their experience of primary percutaneous intervention for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Many patients experiencing ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are currently treated with primary percutaneous intervention (PCI). This relatively new procedure has reduced the time patients with the diagnosis of STEMI spend in hospital. In this literature review we explore patients' perceptions of their experience of receiving primary percutaneous intervention (PCI) as a treatment for STEMI. We critiqued and graded for relevance 10 papers that included original research and other sources. Key findings indicate that there is considerable variability in how patients treated for STEMI perceive the experience of PCI. Further, there is a misalignment between some patients' perceptions and health professionals' perceptions of this experience related to the event as well as the language used to speak of it. Thus, we recommend that nurses assess patients' perception of the experience and patients' health literacy level, then tailor the content and language of patient and family education to ensure an effective educative intervention.

Exploring the effect of conducting sensitive research.

The term 'sensitive research' has become recognised in health and social care research literature generally. It has been used to describe a wide range of topics, undertaken across a variety of disciplines and settings, using a range of methods. Drawing on evidence from other disciplines, this article examines the particular issues and effects that arise for nurses in carrying out sensitive research as the field continues to evolve.